Introduction
Many organizations and industries depend on a solid infrastructure, which in turn enables them to operate in a smooth and efficient manner. This is where SCADA can assist. This article will explain what SCADA is, the key features and benefits for security, and what to look for in a SCADA solution.
What is SCADA?
The National Information Resource Center (NIST), defines SCADA as “A generic name for a computerized system that is capable of gathering and processing data and applying operational controls over long distances.”
SCADA is used across several industries, particularly in energy, oil and gas, transportation, and water management.
How SCADA Systems Work
SCADA systems are a mixture of both hardware and software solutions, resulting in a mechanism that automates a multitude of industrial processes. A SCADA system is able to link equipment monitoring sensors to a server which could be onsite, or even based remotely. Some of the equipment that SCADA systems can monitor and control includes pumps, valves, and motors.
The main components of a SCADA system typically consist of:
Field Devices
- Sensors that can gather data and monitor processes such as temperature and pressure
- Actuators that perform functions like closing or opening valves.
Field Controllers
- Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)
- RTUs communicate with both sensors and actuators to gather data and send it to the central SCADA system.
- Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
- PLCs are digital computer devices that manage all automation tasks.
Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs)
These are touchscreen dashboards that are used to monitor and control devices.
The Server
The main server is the command center for a SCADA system.
Key Features of Modern SCADA Systems
A SCADA system has several features, all of which work in tandem with each other to keep processes running. Here are some of the key features of modern SCADA systems:
- Real-time data acquisition and monitoring
SCADA systems are able to constantly monitor sensors and devices in order to collect data and monitor various readings such as temperature and pressure. This in turn helps to reduce the impact of any down time in case issues arise.
- Automated control logic and failover mechanisms
A SCADA system is able to automate processes using a combination of software and hardware, and in case of any main components malfunctioning, a failover standby server system will take over so there is no interruption.
- Alarm and event management with logging
Systems will also closely monitor all components and trigger an alarm should there be an anomaly in any processes. The necessary actions can then be taken to ensure there is minimal disruption and down time.
- Secure remote operator access
Operators are able to securely monitor and access systems remotely, reducing the need for on-site personnel.
SCADA Applications in Security and Critical Infrastructure
SCADA systems are implemented across various essential sectors such as:
- Energy: Managing power generation, transmission, and distribution for electricity grids.
- Water Treatment and Supply: Monitoring and controlling the distribution of clean water and treatment processes.
- Oil & Gas: Providing oversight on pipeline operations, monitoring flow, and managing pressure.
Key Benefits of SCADA Systems for Security
Security is arguably one of the most important elements that organizations need to think about, and SCADA systems are the perfect way to enhance security and ensure a constant monitoring of any potential threats.
Here are some of the key benefits of a SCADA system from a security perspective:
- Rapid threat detection and incident response
The ability to assess and respond to threats in real time is crucial for organizations, and a SCADA system can be instrumental in minimizing response times with its constant monitoring.
- Improved compliance with safety and cybersecurity standards
Compliance is very specialized depending on the industry in question, and a SCADA system is exactly how organizations ensure they remain compliant with both safety, and ever evolving cybersecurity threats and challenges.
- Centralized visibility over geographically dispersed sites
The remote nature of SCADA systems means they are able to provide oversight across geographically dispersed sites - ensuring no area is left unmonitored.
SCADA Network Security Risks and Mitigation Strategies
Many existing legacy systems are still using dated hardware and protocols, such as Modbus, DNP3 and IEC 60870-5-104, making them vulnerable to cyber attacks and security breaches.
The very remote nature of SCADA systems means that without the right modern infrastructure, there is a higher risk of unauthorized access through remote connections. Implementing an in-between system such as a jump server can help to reduce the exposure to key infrastructure systems.
Using firewalls, VPNs, and enhanced encryption are some of the strategies that can be used to mitigate SCADA security risks, and virtual patching can be implemented where traditional patching may not be practical.
Regular penetration testing and system updates are additional strategies that can be used to further strengthen systems.
How to Choose a Secure SCADA Solution
There are several factors to consider when choosing a secure SCADA solution.
One of the first things to consider is compatibility with modern security protocols, such as secure access control and network segmentation which can minimize the impact of any breaches in security should they occur.
It’s essential that a SCADA solution is well equipped for any system failures, and that a failover is in place to switch to a standby system should the primary system fail. This is imperative to ensuring continuity in operations.
The ability to integrate into an existing system’s security infrastructure is equally important, as it can be costly to have to change existing system set ups.
Finally, a vendor with a strong track record of providing excellent support and a robust system that is constantly being updated is a must.
Why Smart Organizations Choose ComNet for SCADA Network Protection
At Comnet we have an extensive track record, and are renowned for providing the very best in hardware solutions, which lend themselves perfectly for the real world applications of SCADA systems.
Our hardware is built to last, and withstand the harshest of environments, making our products perfect for industries such as energy, oil & gas, and water treatment.
Ensuring continuous operation is a necessity with SCADA systems, and our highly reliable products serve as a strong foundation for an effective SCADA network protection setup. We also understand the need for constant innovation as networks and systems evolve, and this is reflected in the solutions we provide.
Conclusion
SCADA is an integral solution to a variety of industries, but in particular, the energy, transportation, water supply, and oil & gas sectors. SCADA enables organizations to remotely manage and operate their systems and processes, controlling and monitoring critical equipment such as pumps, valves, and sensors.
It not only provides organizations remote management solutions, but also ensures the continuous flow of operations in the case of system failure, along with providing robust security measures such as access control and network segmentation in order to mitigate security breaches and cyber threats.
Comnet’s long-standing networking solutions are the perfect partner for SCADA, and provide the essential foundation in a complete SCADA system.
To find out how we can assist with creating a SCADA system that you can rely on, please contact one of our team members at comnetsales@acresecurity.com who can talk you through a custom solution.
